Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
Identifieur interne : 000237 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000236; suivant : 000238Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
Auteurs : María Cerezo [Espagne] ; Alessandro Achilli [Italie] ; Anna Olivieri [Italie] ; Ugo A. Perego [Italie, États-Unis] ; Alberto G Mez-Carballa [Espagne] ; Francesca Brisighelli [Espagne, Royaume-Uni] ; Hovirag Lancioni [Italie] ; Scott R. Woodward [États-Unis] ; Manuel L Pez-Soto [Espagne] ; Ángel Carracedo [Espagne] ; Cristian Capelli [Royaume-Uni] ; Antonio Torroni [Italie] ; Antonio Salas [Espagne]Source :
- Genome Research [ 1088-9051 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent the majority of the typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% of the total but, when analyzed at the level of control region, they show no signals of having evolved within the European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from the African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we analyzed 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various L sublineages from a wide range of European populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that ∼65% of the European L lineages most likely arrived in rather recent historical times, including the Romanization period, the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, and during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.
Url:
DOI: 10.1101/gr.134452.111
PubMed: 22454235
PubMed Central: 3337428
Affiliations:
- Espagne, Italie, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Andalousie, Angleterre, Galice, Oxfordshire
- Oxford
- Université d'Oxford
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000159
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000158
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000105
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000114
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000114
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000114
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000237
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000237
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe</title><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achilli, Alessandro" sort="Achilli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Achilli A" first="Alessandro" last="Achilli">Alessandro Achilli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06123 Perugia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivieri, Anna" sort="Olivieri, Anna" uniqKey="Olivieri A" first="Anna" last="Olivieri">Anna Olivieri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Utah 84115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" sort="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" uniqKey="G Mez Carballa A" first="Alberto" last="G Mez-Carballa">Alberto G Mez-Carballa</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lancioni, Hovirag" sort="Lancioni, Hovirag" uniqKey="Lancioni H" first="Hovirag" last="Lancioni">Hovirag Lancioni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06123 Perugia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodward, Scott R" sort="Woodward, Scott R" uniqKey="Woodward S" first="Scott R." last="Woodward">Scott R. Woodward</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Utah 84115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Soto, Manuel" sort="L Pez Soto, Manuel" uniqKey="L Pez Soto M" first="Manuel" last="L Pez-Soto">Manuel L Pez-Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Andalousie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torroni, Antonio" sort="Torroni, Antonio" uniqKey="Torroni A" first="Antonio" last="Torroni">Antonio Torroni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22454235</idno><idno type="pmc">3337428</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337428</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3337428</idno><idno type="doi">10.1101/gr.134452.111</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000159</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000159</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000105</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000105</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000114</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000114</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000114</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1088-9051:2012:Cerezo M:reconstructing:ancient:mitochondrial</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000237</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000237</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000237</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe</title><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achilli, Alessandro" sort="Achilli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Achilli A" first="Alessandro" last="Achilli">Alessandro Achilli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06123 Perugia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivieri, Anna" sort="Olivieri, Anna" uniqKey="Olivieri A" first="Anna" last="Olivieri">Anna Olivieri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Utah 84115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" sort="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" uniqKey="G Mez Carballa A" first="Alberto" last="G Mez-Carballa">Alberto G Mez-Carballa</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lancioni, Hovirag" sort="Lancioni, Hovirag" uniqKey="Lancioni H" first="Hovirag" last="Lancioni">Hovirag Lancioni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06123 Perugia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodward, Scott R" sort="Woodward, Scott R" uniqKey="Woodward S" first="Scott R." last="Woodward">Scott R. Woodward</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Utah 84115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Soto, Manuel" sort="L Pez Soto, Manuel" uniqKey="L Pez Soto M" first="Manuel" last="L Pez-Soto">Manuel L Pez-Soto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Andalousie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torroni, Antonio" sort="Torroni, Antonio" uniqKey="Torroni A" first="Antonio" last="Torroni">Antonio Torroni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>27100 Pavia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Galice</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genome Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1088-9051</idno><idno type="eISSN">1549-5469</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent the majority of the typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% of the total but, when analyzed at the level of control region, they show no signals of having evolved within the European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from the African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we analyzed 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various L sublineages from a wide range of European populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that ∼65% of the European L lineages most likely arrived in rather recent historical times, including the Romanization period, the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, and during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Andalousie</li><li>Angleterre</li><li>Galice</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Oxford</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Oxford</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Galice"><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name></region><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><name sortKey="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" sort="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" uniqKey="G Mez Carballa A" first="Alberto" last="G Mez-Carballa">Alberto G Mez-Carballa</name><name sortKey="L Pez Soto, Manuel" sort="L Pez Soto, Manuel" uniqKey="L Pez Soto M" first="Manuel" last="L Pez-Soto">Manuel L Pez-Soto</name><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Achilli, Alessandro" sort="Achilli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Achilli A" first="Alessandro" last="Achilli">Alessandro Achilli</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lancioni, Hovirag" sort="Lancioni, Hovirag" uniqKey="Lancioni H" first="Hovirag" last="Lancioni">Hovirag Lancioni</name><name sortKey="Olivieri, Anna" sort="Olivieri, Anna" uniqKey="Olivieri A" first="Anna" last="Olivieri">Anna Olivieri</name><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name><name sortKey="Torroni, Antonio" sort="Torroni, Antonio" uniqKey="Torroni A" first="Antonio" last="Torroni">Antonio Torroni</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Woodward, Scott R" sort="Woodward, Scott R" uniqKey="Woodward S" first="Scott R." last="Woodward">Scott R. Woodward</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name></region><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Linguistique/explor/TamazightV2/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000237 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000237 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Linguistique
|area= TamazightV2
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3337428
|texte= Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:22454235" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a TamazightV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |